ENSC17 Permeable Pavement Water Quality
Team Members: Clara Olson, Emily Zikmund, Garrett Benson, Sarah Penso
Faculty Advisor: Aimee Navickis-Brasch
Sponsor: City of Spokane
Liaison: Mark Papich
Center for Engineering Design and Entrepreneurship
Civil Engineering Department Student Project
REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL
Project Title:
Permeable Pavement Water Quality
Due Wednesday, October 14, 2015
CEDE - Civil Engineering requests a student project proposal for the following project:
Assess the water quality treatment performance of permeable asphalt taken from Havana St. reconstructed permeable pavement sections. Results should further inform and refine our understanding of the runoff treatment benefits of permeable asphalt.
SUMMARY INFORMATION
Due October 14, 2015, before 4:00 PM PST
One digital copy in pdf format and one hard copy of proposal must be submitted.
Location for Proposal Delivery:
Ms. Toni Boggan,
Assistant Director CEDE,
Gonzaga University School of Engineering and Applied Science,
PACCAR 213, Spokane, WA 99258.
509-313-3913
Project Sponsor
The sponsor of this project is:
City of Spokane
Engineering Services
808 W. Spokane Falls Blvd
Spokane, WA 99201
The liaison engineer is: The project advisor is:
Mark Papich, P.E. Aimee Navickis-Brasch
Phone 509-625-6310 Adjunct Faculty of Civil Engineering
mpapich@spokancity.org 509-995-0557
navickis-brasch@gonzaga.edu
Project Description:
The CEDE - Civil Engineering Department is requesting a proposal from the group of student engineers to provide comprehensive engineering efforts and services related to the upcoming Sharp Avenue permeable pavement reconstruction project. Permeable pavement systems are to be used in the reconstruction for Sharp Avenue in the spring of 2017. The City of Spokane is interested in including several permeable pavement test section configurations along Sharp Avenue as part of this project. This project represents the second phase of a multiyear collaboration between the City of Spokane and Gonzaga University.
Permeable pavement remains an experimental low impact development (LID) and best management practice (BMP). Permeable pavement, as an LID, has the goal of mimicking the natural hydrological processes by treating and/or infiltrating stormwater as close to where it falls to the ground as possible. This type of system has the potential to effectively treat stormwater, as it percolates through the pavement and ground, while eliminating or reducing the need for conventional stormwater sewer systems currently used in urban settings.
The project will produce a final report, among other deliverables to submit to the sponsor (City of Spokane). Additionally, the student participants will prepare one or more conference or journal publications. Students will be responsible to make required presentations of the project activities and may also attend an appropriate conference.
EVALUATION PROCESS
The proposal evaluation process will be determined by the project advisor in conjunction with the CEDE, the project sponsor, and the CEDE Design Advisory Board. It will be based on the organization of the project efforts reflected in the proposal and the educational goals achieved in the completion of the proposal. Note that some efforts in the project are oriented to achieve educational goals that are not required to achieve the project sponsors goals.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Permeable pavement continues to be of interest to the City of Spokane as a potential best management practice (BMP) in the area of low impact development (LID). Phase I of the Sharp Avenue Permeable Pavement Monitoring Study involved the development of the Permeable Pavement Feasibility Study to guide pavement and monitoring system design and the development of a conceptual design for the water and durability monitoring systems for the proposed Sharp Avenue reconstruction in 2017. The results of Phase I left some questions regarding durability and water quality (runoff treatment) that still need to be answered. In particular, while permeable pavement is approved for flow control, Washington State Department of Ecology currently does not approve permeable pavement for runoff treatment due to insufficient data. Thus, to better examine water quality treatment effectiveness we are proposing here field and lab monitoring activities on the Havana Street permeable asphalt sections that will be constructed by fall 2015. The project team will be responsible for assessing the water treatment effectiveness of cores collected from the permeable pavement section.
The purpose of this project is to further inform and refine our understanding of runoff treatment benefits of permeable asphalt. Specifically, the goal of this team is to assess the effectiveness of permeable asphalt for meeting Ecology’s performance goals to qualify as a runoff treatment Best Management Practice (BMP) for reducing stormwater pollutants including; total petroleum hydrocarbons (oils and greases), total phosphorous (TP), dissolved copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), and total suspended solids (TSS). This will be achieved by testing permeable asphalt cores taken from the newly constructed section on Havana Street in flow through columns using natural stormwater with the addition of chemical standards as necessary to meet Ecology’s minimum influent concentration requirements. The senior design team will be designing the lab experiment, conducting the testing, evaluating a maximum of six simulated rainfall events, and making recommendations for the full-scale construction of Sharp Ave. The following objectives have been identified for this project:
1. Develop an understanding of the project history, BMP function/operation; NPDES permit requirements, proper water quality sampling techniques, and technical writing skills necessary to successfully complete the project tasks.
2. Design and construct a laboratory setup for testing pavement cores in flow through columns using simulated rainfall events.
3. Develop and implement procedures for running simulated rainfall events (equivalent to 6 years of pollutant loading) and collecting samples.
4. Assess the potential of permeable pavement for meeting Ecology’s performance requirements as a runoff treatment BMP (includes assessment of Sharp Ave. Stormwater characteristics).
5. Prepare documentation summarizing the project findings for the city of Spokane and next year’s senior design team.
PROJECT INFORMATION AVAILABLE
The project team must familiarize themselves with the project in order to properly prepare the project proposal. Two documents should be consulted, one being the Sharp Avenue Feasibility Study, and the second being the final report produced by the Sharp Avenue senior design team in 2014-2015. Additional technical documents, outside of the scope of the feasibility study, may need to be reviewed as well.
STUDENT PROJECT ACTIVITIES REQUIRED
The student project group will, at a minimum, provide the following efforts and deliverables in the completion of the project addressed in this proposal:
Scope of Activities Required to Meet Project Goals
Task 100 Project Management and Coordination
The student group shall organize, manage, and coordinate the efforts required to accomplish the project using standard project management and contract administration techniques. Key management activities are identified below:
Sub-Task 110 Kick-off Meeting
The Student Team will contact their advisor to schedule a kickoff meeting within 24 hours of being assigned to the senior design project. During this first meeting, their project advisor will provide the team with an overview of the project, previous project documentation and resources, schedule training, initial assignments, data management system, and project management assignments for the year.
Sub-Task 120 Regular Advisor and Liaison Meetings
After the kick-off meeting, the Student Team will meet at a regularly scheduled time each week with the project advisor, and when needed with the project liaison. All meetings with advisor and liaison MUST be arranged by members of the Student Team in advance (at least 2 days prior).
Sub-Task 130 Weekly Reports (agendas, mini-progress reports, project schedule, and meeting minutes)
The team project manager will develop these weekly reports and submit electronically to all team members and the project advisor by 5:00 pm the night before a meeting. Agendas will outline the items to be discussed during the weekly meeting. Mini-progress reports must include, at a minimum, activities completed by each team member for the current week, expected work for the upcoming week, and a meeting agenda. All meetings must be documented by the Student Team in the form of meeting minutes. The project schedule shall be developed following the first meeting and updated each week.
Sub-Task 140 Record Keeping
In addition, a complete hardcopy record of the project reports and files must be maintained by the student team and be made readily available during consultations with the faculty advisor. A good way to keep track of all this is to have a project notebook. The advisor will ask to review this notebook periodically to discover the status of the work being completed. In addition, the faculty advisor has setup a data management organizational system on a share point site and students will be expected to follow this system and save copies of all project data/documentation.
Sub-Task 150 Quality Assurance/Quality Control
The Student Team will perform a methodical QA/QC effort in a manner suitable to the project advisor and liaison, to prevent incorrect, sub-standard or dangerous results from being included in the end of semester project reports.
Sub-Task 160 Project Schedule / WBS /Gantt Chart
The proposal must contain a Gantt chart that shows the due dates from the CEDE schedule (shown in this document later) as milestones, each sub-task, the duration of time proposed to complete the subtask and the team member responsible for the subtask. The student group will include a “proposed” budget that details the costs of completing the project design tasks. This budget is not the “engineers construction cost estimate” to complete the implementation of the design; rather, it is the costs to perform the engineering tasks and includes the fictitious value of project team personnel hours. The value of the personnel hours and other associated costs (travel, books, etc.) will be the proposed budget and will simulate the budget a consulting group would charge to complete the project.
Task 100 Deliverables and Timeline
· Electronic copy of agenda for team meetings.
· Electronic updates to project design budget and schedule that includes budget and personnel hours for each sub-task in the entire project.
· Electronic copy of resolutions and action items for each meeting (meeting minutes).
· Statement on the QA/QC activities for reports submitted at the end of each semester to describe the review and checking procedure employed.
Task 200 Review Previous Project Documentation and Train the Students (Objective 1)
This task will occur at the start of the fall semester. The purpose of this task is for the students to become familiar with the history of the project, function/operation of the BMP, permit requirements, as well as prepare the students for designing the experiment (task 2), and documenting the project findings. This will generally include the students reviewing previous senior design documentation and the students attending training necessary to conduct a literature search, write technical documents, and properly collect water quality samples. The task approach is further described below.
At the start of the semester, students will be expected to review previous documentation on the project and be prepared to discuss the project during the first few project meetings. In lieu of a project proposal, the student team will conduct a literature search and develop a synthesis of literature on approximately 8-12 studies (2-3 per student). The literature search will focus on answering questions that will be identified by the advisor at the start of the project but generally relate to proper procedures for collecting water quality samples, similar BMP studies, NPES permit requirements, expected pollutant behavior/runoff treatment, and Ecology BMP performance requirements (questions). The students will present the highlights of the synthesis during the fall senior design presentations. In preparation for this task, students will attend a scheduled training with library staff regarding how to conduct a literature search and the faculty advisor will provide the student team with guidance on technical writing skills.
Task 200 Deliverables and Timeline:
· Review Previous Project Documentation – No formal deliverable; students will be prepared to discuss at the weekly meeting(s) with the faculty advisor during the first weeks of project.
· Literature Search and Technical Writing Training – First weeks of project students will attend training and prepare summaries of the individual journal articles that will be incorporated into the synthesis of literature.
· Synthesis of literature – Will be submitted on the same day as the senior design project proposals. Prior to submittal, the two-stormwater senior design student teams will swap literature searches and conduct a peer review (review/comment) of each other’s papers. After the peer review is complete, each student team will incorporate and respond to the other team’s comments and be prepared to discuss during their weekly meeting.
· Presentation – Fall Senior Design Presentations.
Task 300 Design, order equipment, and construct a laboratory setup for testing four pavement core configurations (Objective 2)
The purpose of this task is to develop a flow through column setup for testing four pavement cores configurations including: one core with only the permeable asphalt surface course and three cores that contain the permeable asphalt surface course and up to three different base course materials. This will generally include students reviewing additional literature, identifying and ordering equipment, and constructing the setup. The task approach is further described below.
In addition to the task 1 literature search, students will review and summarize additional literature which will serve as the basis for designing a laboratory setup that include; water tight columns capable of holding pavement cores, column supports, and rainfall distribution. Students will then design the lab setup including conducting an analysis as needed to confirm the design, developing plan sheets, and a bill of materials identifying all equipment needed to construct the setup. This will also include contacting equipment vendors to request product information and quotes.
Task 300 Deliverable(s) and Timeline:
· Additional Literature Search – a summary of literature that provides the basis for the design will be completed (and approved by the advisor) prior to designing the column setup. The summary will be submitted as part of the fall end of semester report.
· Completed Design/Bill of Materials – completed and submitted prior to the end of fall semester.
· Order Equipment – all equipment will be ordered prior to the end of fall semester (before Christmas break) and after the advisor has reviewed/approved the design and bill of materials.
· Construct Column Setup – The column setup will be constructed in January immediately after Winter break.
Task 400 Develop and implement procedures for running rainfall simulations and collect samples from six simulated events (Objective 3)
The purpose of this task is to develop and implement procedures for running simulated rainfall events, collecting water quality samples from six simulated events, and measuring the changes in infiltration rate. This will generally include students conducting a literature search (related studies and regulations), analyzing information, coordinating with lab, collecting/submitting samples to the lab for analysis, and evaluating/correcting the procedures. The task approach is further described below.
Subtask 410: Develop procedures for running simulated events
The pavement cores will be tested using rainfall events representative of those expected in Spokane Washington. In addition testing will occur over two months (February and March) with the equivalent of six years’ worth of stormwater/pollutants. The procedures developed will address flow rates, duration, and how to accelerate the testing process and provide results representative of six years’ worth of data.
Subtask 420 - Develop Sample Collection Procedures and Collect Samples:
One influent and four effluent samples will be collected, after each simulated year of stormwater/pollutants (for a total of six events), and submitted to the lab for analysis. The procedures will address labeling samples, time required for lab to process samples, as well as proper sample collection, preservation, and storage. Prior to and after each event students will review procedures, identify any corrective action, and modify the procedures as needed.
Subtask 430 - Evaluate testing procedures/setup:
Prior to first simulated event where samples are created, students will run a simulated event using deionized water and identify/correct any problems with the column setup and/or testing procedures.
Subtask 440 - Creating stormwater Solution
For potential BMPs to be evaluated as a runoff treatment BMP, Ecology requires a minimum pollutant concentration for each of the pollutants tested. This task will include identifying a stormwater source, submitting samples for analysis, identifying deficient pollutant concentrations, ordering chemical standards, estimating pollutant concentrations to add to stormwater, and making the stormwater solution before each simulated event.
Subtask 450 - Infiltration Rate
Students will develop procedures for estimating the infiltration rate during testing to determine how the rate might change over six years without maintenance. Testing procedures may include collecting effluent samples in a bucket and using a stopwatch to determine the time required to fill a specific volume. At a minimum, testing will occur at the end of each simulated year for a total of six tests per column.
Task 400 Deliverable(s) and Timeline: all deliverables must be completed and approved by the faculty advisor prior to the simulated testing event (end of January) unless otherwise noted below. At the end of the spring semester, the items below will be submitted as an appendix section in the end of spring semester report.
· Procedures for Running Simulated Events
· Define Stormwater Solution
· Sample Procedures
· Infiltration Rate Changes
· Corrective Action – starting with the simulated testing event and following each simulated event, any corrective action identified will be summarized in a table that is maintained throughout the course of testing. In addition, any corrective action identified will first be reviewed/approved by the advisor and then used to revise the procedures/setup prior to the next simulated event.
Task 500 Assess the treatment effectiveness of permeable asphalt for meeting Ecology’s performance goals to qualify as a runoff treatment BMP (Objective 4)
The purpose of this task is to compare the runoff treatment performance of four configurations of permeable pavement, recommend a configuration for Sharp Ave., and assess if permeable pavement will qualify as runoff treatment BMP (based on lab testing and stormwater pollutant characteristics on Sharp Ave). This will generally include characterizing stormwater pollutants on Sharp Ave., analyzing/comparing laboratory data from influent and effluent water quality samples as well as effluent infiltration testing collected from a maximum of six rainfall events (task 3). The task approach is further described below.
The students will coordinate with City officials in the collection and submittal (to a qualified lab) of stormwater samples from an existing Sharp Avenue catch basin. Using water quality laboratory data, the students will characterize (identify the pollutants and range of concentrations) of stormwater to assess which pollutants maybe evaluated during field-testing. The assessment will be based on whether the pollutants meet Ecology’s minimum concentration to qualify for BMP runoff treatment evaluation as defined the TAPE documents.
The students will then evaluate each of the permeable asphalt configurations to determine which is capable of meeting the performance requirements and subsequently qualify as a runoff treatment BMP (through future field monitoring) for one or more of the following pollutants: TSS, Cu, Zn, TP, and TSS. The student team will follow the procedures outlined in the QAPP to perform the data analysis. The data analysis will include comparing the influent and effluent pollutant concentrations to determine if the difference in concentrations are statistically significant (hypothesis testing using a paired t-test) and the pollutant reduction to a confidence interval of 95% using the bootstrap method. Within 48 hours of collecting or receiving water quality data from the lab, the data will be uploaded the share point site. The results from the evaluation will be compared to the Ecology’s performance requirements (defined the TAPE guidance) to determine if the goals are achieved for each pollutant (specifically; TSS, Cu, Zn, TP, and TPH).
Students will develop a technical evaluation report (TER) summarizing the characterization of existing Sharp Avenue stormwater influent, a listing of which pollutants permeable asphalt may feasibly treat in the field as an Ecology approved treatment BMP, and recommendations on the final design and water quality treatment effectiveness monitoring plan for the large scale Sharp Avenue project. All methods and results will be summarize in the final TER including organizing data into tables and plots, see next section for further guidance on project documentation.
Task 500 Deliverable(s) and Timeline:
· Sharp Ave Stormwater Characterization – Summary and tables will be included in the TER submitted at the End of Spring semester.
· Preliminary Recommendations (based on analysis completed to date) identifying which pollutants appear to meet Ecology’s runoff treatment performance requirements to the City by February 28, 2016
· Presentation of Evaluation – During the spring semester, the results will be presented both mid semester (based on work complete) and at the end of the semester.
Task 600 Document the Project Findings (Objective 5)
At the end of the spring semester students will summarize the project (literature search, methods, findings, results, and recommendations/conclusions) into the final TER along with additional documents in the appendix including; copies of the chain of custody forms, all raw data (including lab reports), corrective action table, and analysis. The student teams will develop a TER that includes the synthesis of literature, an overview of the methods, discussion of results and findings, and recommendations. The TER will be developed following Ecology requirements and a TBD Journal formatting requirements (selected by the students in preparation for future publication). The students will also summarize the project into the format of an EPA/Ecology fact sheet (3-4 pages) for the senior design presentations, which will also serve as the template for the end of year project poster.
In addition, the students will also identify/revise portions of the QAPP where they have identified revisions based on previous tasks completed during the semester. Finally, the student team will prepare a letter for the 2016-2017 senior design team summarizing the status of project at the end of the 2016 spring semester including recommendations for the next project steps.
Task 600 Deliverable(s) and Timeline:
The following items will be completed at the end of the spring semester:
· TER Outline – during fall semester students will develop an outline for the TER which will serve as guide for developing the final TER
· TER & Appendix – due at the end of spring semester
· Fact Sheet/Poster - due at the end of spring semester
· Letter to 2016-2017 Senior Design Team - due at the end of spring semester
PROJECT SCHEDULE
Time is of the essence on this project. The project schedule contains some specific milestones and also must accommodate the academic calendar. The student group may use the general dates below, as a guide, to develop the comprehensive schedule required for the proposal.
Information on Proposals Available: September 2, 2015
Teams Selected: September 4, 2015
Sponsor Workshop September 4, 2015
Civil CEDE Mandatory All Student/Advisor Meeting September 9, 2015
Workshop 1 Project Plans September 16, 2015
Workshop 2 Team Work and Communication September 23, 2015
Workshop 3 FolioTek Info, Tech Support, etc. September 30, 2015
Project Plans Due by 4 pm October 14, 2015
Founder’s Day Holiday / Midterms October 19, 2015
Project Plan Presentations October 21, 2015
Workshop 4 Report Writing November 4, 2015
Thanksgiving Holiday November 25 – 27, 2015
Project Status Presentations December 9, 2015
Project Status Reports Due by 4 pm December 11, 2015
Reading Days December 12 – 14, 2015
Classes Begin January 12, 2016
Martin Luther King, Jr., Holiday January 18, 2016
Workshop 3 Working to Completion January 20, 2016
President's Day Holiday February 15, 2016
Project Status Presentations February 17, 2016
Team Photos and Project Summaries Due March 2, 2016
Spring Vacation March 7 – 11, 2016
Good Friday – Easter Holiday March 25 – March 28, 2016
Final Reports Due April 27, 2016
Final Design Presentation